Human Resources - Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR - Needs Assessment - Essay Example Hierarchical investigation gets fundamental at times, for example, innovation changes, natural move or when authority changes For instance in GameStop innovation changes are visit. Most significant errand in improving an organization’s proficiency is execution the board which is fundamentally explaining work obligations and needs to representatives and showing the presentation desires that are required from the representatives. To improve the presentation the best situation is suitable preparing for the representatives in their own fields of work however before that any association experiences the exhibition needs appraisal in which the ideal result that is required from the workers and the real result are thought about and broke down. For this above all else the present circumstance of the present and future employee’s aptitudes, information, gifts, abilities are surveyed including the organization’s inner atmosphere gave to the worker (Rossetti,2009). At that p oint the necessary state is broke down and this incorporates the status of the work obligations and the abilities, potential, endeavors and information required to accomplish the ideal position. In an effective association it is exceptionally important to concentrate on basic assignments to accomplish the long range creation objectives and not simply on current practices. Long range creation objectives are the ideal goal point in future for an organization which requires long range vital intercessions. This investigation will create a rundown for preparing and profession improvement yet we should initially affirm that are needs are in reality genuine and there is an opportunity for legitimate and conceivable intercession. For instance we will first asses that whether the issue is costing all the more then its answer. HR will observe the law during the conceivable arrangement and furthermore the impact of this entire exertion is broke down. Presently comes the part when we scan for t he reasons of the low or beneath wanted salary and the inquiry confronted is whether the representatives are buckling down enough or are they prepared appropriately to do their jobs.(Goldstein,2005). On the off chance that there are issues demonstrating and causing the low pay, at that point they might be troubled people(customer, worker, speculator) and their objections are obvious when consumer loyalty overviews, yearly resolve reviews are done ,poor profitability reports(too little work to be finished utilizing such a large number of assets) show missed creation plan, poor budgetary report( cost of deals is excessively high and there is deficient income), inadequate correspondence( absence of criticism framework, absence of coordination), absence of consistence having an excessive number of infringement occurring inside the framework. Human asset division overviews the worker turn over rate, ability the board, objections and so on. In the event that the entirety of this isn't goo d, at that point the reason are investigated and afterward comes the arrangement part which cannot all be patched by straightforward preparing. GameStop or any organization enlists previously experienced workers so the issue of preparing is less regular however it is beyond the realm of imagination all the time in addition to work necessities change with assignment or nature of the activity. Needs appraisal spares time guaranteeing that time isn't squandered in training which is as of now known. Needs doesn't allude to the things that are wanted, it alludes to the contrast between the things that are â€Å"present† and those which are â€Å"

1066 The Year of the Conquest free essay sample

This paper looks at the standard of Harold of England and William of Normandy utilizing David Howarths book, 1066: The Year of the Conquest. This paper thoroughly analyzes the characters and activities of Harold of England and William of Normandy as presented and talked about in the book 1066: The Year of the Conquest, by David Howarth. Explicitly it additionally inspects the similitudes and contrasts between Anglo-Saxon England and Normandy before the Battle of Hastings and the functions of the medieval framework inside which the two men worked. The paper additionally incorporates a few hypotheses of why William won and Harold lost. A short time later, life in Normandy went on basically of course. A portion of their men didn't return, yet there were in every case more warriors to have their spot. The thanes that had battled for William took over English terrains, and got as much out of them as possible, so they were more prosperous than previously. We will compose a custom paper test on 1066: The Year of the Conquest or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Normans drank their wine, and proceeded with their vicious lives. In any case, the English never got Norman, and they got their nation back.

10 Simple Phrases That Keep You in Love

10 Simple Phrases That Keep You in Love November 23, 2019 Hybrid Images/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse When a relationship is new, both of you are seeing the world through rose-colored glasses. Everything is fresh and new. As you look at each other, you see someone who is exciting and perfect. Even the world around you seems brighter and happier than it did before you found each other. In that “new” stage of a relationship, it’s easy to say loving things to each other. Those sweet words come naturally when you are together, and then via text or phone at all hours of the day and night when you are apart. Over time, however, things start to change. Challenges occur, flaws emerge. The rose-colored glasses come off and reality sets in. This is when love begins to morph a bit. In this more established stage of love (ideally, the longest part of your relationship), saying loving things toward each other takes a bit more effort. Love takes more effort, but practice makes perfect! As you weather storms together in life, you develop a deeper love and appreciation for each other than ever before. 10 Things to Say to Your Partner to Keep Your Love Alive If you’ve been out of that “new” stage for a while and want to support the development of a deeper, more mature love, look no further. One of the best things you can do for your marriage or relationship is to practice saying these little phrases as often as possible. You Look Great As you both grow older, compliments  can mean more than ever since wrinkles and extra pounds tend to increase with each passing year. If you can say, “You look great!” what you are actually saying is, “Im still physically attracted to you.” So with each passing year, your spouse will know that you still enjoy their outer as well as their inner beauty. Thank You After a couple has been together for a while, it’s normal for them to take each other for granted. We come to expect the other person to fulfill his or her role without asking and without noticing when they’re done well. “Thank you” are the two simplest words to say, but also the most important. When you say this, what you are indeed saying is, “I appreciate everything you do for me.” Your partner will feel good that you noticed and took the time to say so. I Think You’re Amazing When we choose to be with someone for years and years, sometimes we think that the other person must magically know what we think. After all, we would not spend so much time together if we didn’t think about the world of the other person, right? It’s time to vocalize those thoughts. Tell your partner, “I think you’re amazing.” What you are really saying is, “I think youre a good person and I love being with you.” I Love You Anyway When your spouse makes a mistake, it can be hard on both of you. But what you say in that moment will have a lasting impact on your relationship. When you say, “I love you anyway,” what you are really saying is, “regardless of the mistake, I will still love you.” Even as adults, we need to hear that we are loved, despite the fact that we will sometimes make bad choices or do the wrong thing. We’ll Get Through It Weathering the storm can mean a lot of things for couples: enduring a death, going through financial difficulties, losing a job, major health issues and so much more. The important thing is to make sure your partner feels your love through it all. When you say, “We’ll get through it,” you are really saying, “We are a team, and I’m on your side.” Yes, I’d Love To Maybe going to the theatre isn’t your thing, or you aren’t particularly wild about going to sporting events. But if your significant other loves those things, then it’s time to show your support. Saying “Yes, I’d love to,” really says, “I support you and want to share what you like.” Your support shows you love them enough to set aside what you want to do to put your spouse first. I Understand When love matures, spouses really get to know each other, inside and out. We watch each other and notice things over time. As we experience life together, we find out what makes each other tick. Perhaps your significant other tells you about a problem with work. Because of your history together, you know how this makes him or her feel. Saying “I understand,” really says, “I get you.” It’s a comfort to know that someone gets you without even really having to explain your feelings. Having this connection is fundamental to long-lasting love and marriage. What Can I Do for You? One of the most basic definitions of love is putting another’s needs before our own. We may find this really easy to do for our children, but sometimes we forget to do it for our spouse. Try to remember to ask your spouse, “What can I do for you?” which says, “I want to support you and lessen your burden.” Sacrificing your time for something your spouse needs will strengthen your bond. I’m Here for You One of the best parts of being a couple is always having someone to lean on. Remind your spouse that he or she can always count on you. Tell them, “I’m here for you,” which actually says, “I’m your partner in life.” Being partners mean you are equals and that you stick up for each other and always have each other’s backs. I Love You   So simple, but so often overlooked. These three words should be said to your partner every day. These words confirm your care and devotion. When you say “I love you,” what you are really saying is, “From now until eternity, you are my one and only and you’ll never be alone.” A Word From Verywell Do not let one day pass without saying loving things like these to your partner. Always make sure your spouse feels appreciated, validated, safe and secure with you. Pick several of these short phrases to say every day, and soon you’ll both feel more loving towards each other.

The Effects Of Infidelity On Divorce Styles - 861 Words

Despite the fact that infidelity is the main reason behind some divorces, some ladies still stay after their husband cheats. For some, marriage is no more the grace it used to be or thought to be. Generally, many states enforced laws making cheating a reason for divorce. Now, every country, especially the United States recognize some form of no-fault divorce. This presumably has minimized the impacts of infidelity on divorce styles. Not bothered about any lawful activity as an outcome of cheating definitely does not help the thought that infidelity is inappropriate for some. As some therapist in a private practice said, people concentrate on a relationship from premarital counseling to divorce counseling, And some can and will give you a litany of the natural reasons ladies don t leave their cheating husband. It is necessary to understand that a lot of these reasons appear to be from fear. 1. Fear Some women are only afraid to be separated from everyone else. Ladies, in general, are more afraid of being single again than men are. Ladies fear the male to female ratio. Any single, separated or widowed woman knows the situation of many ladies in a bar, Night club, restaurants, event, and so forth to just a few men. Women fear to get older and stress over their husband searching for a more youthful lady. women are concerned and most are afraid of the divorce processes. 2. Self-Esteem and dating Being cheated adversely influences a woman s self-esteem, and makesShow MoreRelatedThe Correlation Of Children With Divorced Parents1629 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscusses the correlation of children with divorced parents and their ability or inability to have intimate relationships in their futures. In most cases, it depends on the age of the child at the time of the divorce. Studies showed that marital problems, including but not limited to divorce, was associated with negative social, emotional, and physical affects in the children’s lives. Most articles included have different types of specific details, but all generally have the same outcome, being thatRead MoreSocial Medi An Emotional And Legal Commitment Of Two People1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople with similar interests in order to find a relationship. Social media has made it easier for people from across the street to across the world to communicate. Social media has created profound effects between partners in marria ges that lead to irreconcilable differences and eventually lead to divorce. According to Jim Halfens (2015), â€Å"’People who use social media are 32% more likely to leave their spouse’.† Social media affects individuals in different ways. Some individuals may find socialRead MoreThe Correlation Of Children With Divorced Parents2410 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscusses the correlation of children with divorced parents and their ability or inability to have intimate relationships in their futures. In most cases, it depends on the age of the child at the time of the divorce. Studies showed that marital problems, including but not limited to divorce, was associated with negative social, emotional, and physical affects in the children’s lives. Most articles included have different types of specific details, but all generally have the same outcome, being thatRead MoreTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie891 Words   |  4 Pagesand child. Easterbrook also describes the psychological, emotional and social strain that can result from ina dequate maternal interactions. Although, the divorce between Amanda and Tom’s father was never fully discussed in the play, it was all too relevant to the emotional, psychological and social impacts of both Tom and Laura. The infidelities and alcoholic tendencies by Tom’s father left Amanda, bitter, needy and controlling. Out of fear, anger or solemnness, it led Amanda to replace the void leftRead MoreDifferences in Relationships Between Western and Non-Western Cultures901 Words   |  4 Pages1960). There are even major differences in love between cultures. Lee (1973) developed six styles of love; game-playing (Ludus), possessive (Mania), logical (Pragma), altruistic (Agape), companionate or friendship (Storge) and erotic/romantic (Eros). Goodwin (1999) carried out a study to examine whether there are differences between culture groups and different love styles. Conclusions included; Hong Kong Chinese students were found to be more pragmatic (logical) Read MoreCarson Mccullers Themes Of Loneliness And Isolation1356 Words   |  6 PagesCarson McCullers drew a lot of criticism, but was anything but unsuccessful. 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When speaking on loves’Read MoreThe Negative Effects Social Media1935 Words   |  8 Pages Unfortunately, this loss of time as well as the other negative affects social media has on relationships, can lead to communication issues and arguments. An article from CBS News entitled, â€Å"Twitter use linked to relationship conflict, infidelity, and divorce†, seeks to explain the relationship between Twitter and relationship conflict by first explaining a survey done by a doctoral student named Russell Clayton and The Huffington Post. Clayton, based on previous findings that Facebook can leadRead MoreThe Armored Brigade Combat Team Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesif there is, it is unclear and poorly evident. The critical leadership problem the 4th ABCT faces are consequences of the continued past brigade change of command without an organizational vision to address it, and different Commanders leadership styles that have affected the effectiveness, organizational culture, and climate within the 4th ABCT. This case study paper analyzes the critical leadership problems on the 4th ABCT. The aim of this essay is to explain how the Army leadership attributes;Read MoreDivorce Is A Win And A Loss For Parents And Children1287 Words   |  6 Pages Divorce is a Win and a Loss for Parents and Children The divorce rate in today’s society according to Barbara Dafoe Whitehead is higher than ever. Although people have a legal right to file for divorce, it is still viewed as an ethical problem. Barbara Dafoe Whitehead writes in â€Å"The Making of a Divorce Culture†, that divorce has become an ethical problem in the United States. In today’s society, divorce is viewed as a social norm, and that couples should have a right to file for divorce with

What You Dont Know About Gun Problem Essay Samples

What You Don't Know About Gun Problem Essay Samples To take the most suitable place in the weapon legalization essay is the vital moment for your entire work. A writer may also offer info concerning the efficacy of available laws. Everyone has their own comprehension of what dangerous ways. A legal statement is something which you may have to speak to a lawyer about. The last and the main idea is to keep testing yourself. Thus, you've got to be quite careful when recommending the ideas. There's a social networking site available for you, irrespective of the characteristics you are trying to get. There are many problems, even on your own campus, that should be resolved. Top Gun Problem Essay Samples Secrets There isn't much details on the illegally sold or smuggled guns, though gun trafficking is a rather considerable issue. Additionally, they are not the actual problem that needs to be addressed. Banning guns won't be helpful and won't have served the intended function. Lots of people appear to think that banning guns will bring about significantly reduced violence. The Advantages of Gun Problem Essay Samples The argument on the foundation of the country on the uncontrolled accessibility to guns is faulty. Thus, the purpose of the government of growing security by letting the people to access guns is self-defeating. Today, gun control is a big concern in political campaigns across the country. There isn't a means to eliminate gun violence in the united states completely, but there are numerous tactics to at least reduce the quantities of lives lost to firearms in america. New Questions About Gun Problem Essay Samples The usage of fire arms has become the cause of several debates. Some took their very own lives before the authorities could even reply to the scene. Still on the state of Chicago whereby it's really hard to acquire a gun legally, it's comical that it's the state where it's the simplest to acquire the gun illegally. Many peop le think that law restricting gun control will result in crime reduction. Another reason folks are so pro-guns is how they need them for self defense. The point is that businesses that have come to be too big have come to be so embedded in the economy. In when the people were permitted to access all the guns they needed, the situation was different. Should you look around, you are going to observe social issues that affect society each day. When many men and women opine that the use of fire arms ought to be restricted to people of a specific caliber, others have the opinion that gun use needs to be legalized. In nearly all of the states, gun access is totally free to all the people who have attained the vast majority age. There are lots of gun control statistics on earth and not everybody is able to agree on gun control advantages and disadvantages. To summarize, gun control statistics can go a ways toward helping people who wish to learn the the inner workings of the problem, but it is extremely tough for anybody who has no subjective opinion on the matter of gun control to come up with an opinion on the matter. The Secret to Gun Problem Essay Samples For that reason, it defeats the full purpose of gun access, which is to make sure that there's more security. It may have been easier to just ban guns from legal buy, and there are lots of proponents of such measures. One of the major explanations for why gun control is necessary is the growth in shooting situations, especially in schools. For instance, if the issue is the damage to soil due to fracking, you might suggest to stop all fracking and detect an alternative that doesn't lead to soil degradation. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Gun Problem Essay Samples Secondly, it's obligatory to assemble catchy facts and statistical data to boost the text with the persuasive arguments. In your essay, you must demonstrate that you know the problem described in the prompt, and after that you must describe a potential solution. You might find that your mean score differs from peers who also took the PCAT around the exact moment. Observe that the Writing score is set besides the Multiple-Choice scores. Hence, you've been provided with the simplest topic for problem solution essays, you can decide on any on of the above mentioned and get started writing your essay right away. In half an hour, you must finish your essay, therefore it's crucial you efficiently manage your time. It's not unlikely your essay could be judged entirely by the debut, or conclusion, which is an equally important portion of the essay. My essay is broken up into three standard components, the introduction, the human body and the conclusion. Gun essay has to talk about the issue generally speaking. Life is precious, they say, and they are able to only safeguard their lives should they have the suitable equipment. Finding out how to compose a disclaimer is something which many people need to learn.

Reflective Essay. My Strengths and Weaknesses as a Self-Regulated Learner Free Essays

Reflective Essay This essay aims to critically review my strengths and weaknesses as a self-regulated learner, in relation to key skills which demonstrate my ability to use reflective practice. Also, the essay will identify and implement the learning skills required to complete the modules in Year 2 of the programme. It will produce and make use of individual learning plans that reflect how I could improve upon my interpersonal skills and implement a personal development plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Essay. My Strengths and Weaknesses as a Self-Regulated Learner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, a demonstration of application of key skills together with learning and interpersonal skills in a variety of settings will be made. The framework this reflective essay will follow has been adapted from the work of Borton (1970) Reach, Teach and Touch; along with Boud et al (1985) Turning Experience into Learning. A reflective essay is a piece of writing that basically involves your views and feelings about a particular subject. The goal of a reflective essay is to not only discuss what you learned, but to convey the personal experiences and findings that have resulted, Spinello (2012). However in order to critically evaluate and reflect the individual, must become a self-regulated learner. Students who are self-regulated learners collaborate with other students in exchanging ideas, eliciting assistance when needed, and providing support to their peers. They see the connection between their efforts and learning success, Trejos (2010). Zimmerman (2000) points out that, self-regulation is not a mental ability or an academic performance skill; rather it is the self-directive process by which learners transform their mental abilities into academic skills. These learners will monitor their behaviors in terms of their goals and self-reflect in order to increase their effectiveness. Self-regulation is important because a major function of education is the development of life-long learning skills, Zimmerman (2002, p. 66). In relation to the following key skills of, communication, numeracy, use of information technology, learning to learn and working with others, I have been able to identify my strengths and weaknesses. One of the areas in which I considered to be competent in was written communication, as I could xpress myself more openly and creatively, this has been evident by the use blackboard discussions, emails and academic writing. Linked to this, my IT skills are also one of my biggest strengths, as I am able to utilize these skills to support and further develop communication, interpersonal and academic skills. My empathetic listening skill enables me to gain mutual understanding and supports me to work with others, where new kno wledge and experience can be exchanged, which contribute to my ongoing learning. On the other hand, the identified areas that I need improvement in are my confidence in verbal communication, although one to one communication is not a problem, but communicating and presenting to larger groups is where I feel nervous. Building up confidence in this area is vital, as it is a key component of nursing practice, to ensure effective communication between patients, team members and multidisciplinary teams. From year one of the nursing programme to year two; I have seen an improvement in my general math’s skill, however I required further practice in this area, which will supported me to pass my drugs calculation exam for year 2. Additionally, exam preparation and revision techniques were another area which I needed to work on, as a result it facilitated towards preparing me for module 6 – immediate and continuing care examination. Last but not least, my academic writing skills which also required to be developed so that I would be able to produce work at level 5 standard, for additional module two – examining health and social care needs of vulnerable adults and module five – understanding evidence-based nursing. Once I identified my strengths and weaknesses, I was able to set three goals for the academic year and produce an action plan for each goal, which was implemented in a personal development plan. A personal development plan is described as â€Å"a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development†, (LMU, 2001). The three chosen goals for year 2 of my nursing programme were specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (S. M. A. R. T). Goal one, was set out to help me become competent in critically appraising evidence and literature, which supports the learning skills of being able to produce academic work at level 5 standards. This goal required gaining understanding and knowledge of critical appraisal, as well as thoroughly comprehending the elements of critical appraisal and correctly identifying and using tool, frameworks and guidelines to critically appraise evidence and literature. The significance of achieving this goal was to help me complete year 2 modules of understanding evidence-based nursing and examining health and social care needs of vulnerable adults and achieving an overall good grade in both modules. What I generally thought was, for the understanding evidence based nursing essay I did not perform well with my critical appraisal, as most of my time was spent on formulating a PICO question and did not have sufficient time to write a powerful essay. However results showed that I gained an overall 55% mark, and comments that were given by the moderator were as follows ‘Critical appraisal – You have identified the framework and the article for critical appraisal. In this part you have detailed the research process as reported in the article; although you have attempted to analyse the research validity and reliability but they should have been further developed. You should have critically analysed the quantitative research rigor – validity, reliability and generalisability of the study findings supported with relevant literature’. So the importance of having constructive feedback is to make sure that I know which areas that I am potent in and which areas that I need to improve for the next essay, in order for me to critically appraise more coherently. As a result of this, for my examining health and social care needs of vulnerable adults module essay; which also involved critically appraising three research articles, I received an overall mark of 66%. The moderator’s comments for analysis and synthesis were that ‘You have made a good critique of the limitations of the studies. And the quality of expression was indicated as ‘generally good. ’ Now I feel more confident in my critical appraisal skills, I believe with further practice I will be able to appraise articles and gain higher marks to help me progress on to year three. Goal two was aimed at preparing and passing module 6 – immediate and continuing care unseen examination, based on three patient journeys of diabetes, coronary heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This goal was linked to learning skills of exam preparation and revision techniques. The teps that were taken in achieving this goal were to create a revision timetable to manage time; to use different revision and rehearsal techniques i. e. flow charts, mind-maps, revision cards, rehearsing exam papers in timed condition and having a study buddy. Combined with this, whilst reading literature and gathering information, I collected relevant references to create a reference list for the examination. What I thought was the daunting part of this goal was practicing exam papers in timed condition, as three hours seemed like a long time. What was interesting is that once I had all the suitable materials and information and began to do a timed essay, three hours seemed shorter than expected; with continuous practice this helped me to pick up my writing speed and also managing time per essay. With the use of mind maps and flow charts I was able to access information quick and easy, rather than going back to textbooks and online resources. Having prepared in this way prior to the exam made me feel confident and relaxed and I was able to manage my time efficiently. So the significance of preparing ahead is that it helps me to become proactive; managing time helps me to prioritise what is important and what needs to be attended in sequence. And using relevant resources is essential for learning success and achievement. Now I feel that I have generally performed well in my exam, as much of what I revised came up and I was prepared. Although time felt like an issue, I was able to use my time productively and efficiently. What I think I could improve for next time, is begin planning and revision sooner and rehearse more timed essay as practice makes perfect. Additionally, what I have learnt throughout this module I will be able to apply to clinical practice, and as an individual be prepared and have the ability to act accordingly when foreseen and unforeseen circumstances arise. Goal three demonstrates my ability to use my existing general maths skills with further practise, to pass drugs calculation examination for year 2. For this goal, the steps that were taken in order to achieve the goals were to use Authentic World (SafeMedicate) to revise for the exam, to do online mock exams in timed condition, and revise on general maths skills. What I didn’t realise was that the drugs examination was compulsory for every year throughout the nursing degree programme. However, as I had already passed my year one drugs calculation exam with full marks of 90/90, I didn’t find year two to be too difficult as it was on three areas from the previous year of tablets capsules, liquid medication and Injections. I found that accessing authentic world and revising the areas and completing the mock exams were easily within the comfort of home. I was able to revise where I wanted and when I wanted, support was available from other maths revision sites. So after revising the key areas and doing timed questions, I felt confident in sitting the actual exam. I completed the exam within the time limit, reviewed my questions and answer and received my final mark of 90/90 on first attempt, which I was very pleased with. Now that I have achieved full marks on my first attempt I am able use this knowledge of drug management to aid my drugs administrative skills whilst on second year placement. What I will aim to do for year three drugs calculation exam is to refresh and revise over previous areas, and also read ahead on the additional section that will be added to year three exam. On achievement of these three developmental goal, I have been able to make connection between the learning and interpersonal skills to a variety of settings. From goal one I understand being able to critically appraise in nursing practice means that patients can benefit from the best possible outcome with backup from reliable and valid researches that have been carried out. Thus, as a healthcare professional I am able to gain knowledge to ensure and/or provide effective and dynamic care. From goal two of understanding long-term illness of coronary heart disease, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis from journeys of simulation patients. I have been able to prepare myself to have knowledge and have the ability to cooperate in a situation where I will work with real patients with these types of conditions. Long-term illnesses and conditions affects vast majority of the population and therefore keeping knowledge update is an essential way to promote health and provide information to others. With support from goal three of safely calculating drug dosages for supporting drug administrative skills, is essential part of nurse training. To ensure that the right patients receive the right dose of the right medication, at the right time, through the right route, as drug errors can be fatal to the outcomes of the patient. In conclusion, this module has helped me to develop from being an independent learner to a self-regulated learner. Where I am able to identify my strengths and weaknesses in relations to key skills; and critique my competency and incompetency towards creating goals, and reflect upon the process in achieving these goals. Overall for year two of this programme I have achieved my set goals, and I have developed the ability to use key skills along with learning and interpersonal skills in providing best judgement in different settings. References: Borton, T (1970) Reach, Teach and Touch. McGraw Hill, London Boud D, Keogh R Walker D. (1985) Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning. Kogan Page, London. London Metropolitan University (LMU) (2001) Personal development planning (Online) available at: www. londonmet. ac. uk/library/z62053_24. doc. [Accessed last: 11 January 2012] Spinello, S. (2012) what is a reflective essay? (Online) available at: http://www. ehow. com/about_4576779_reflective-essay-paper_. html. [Accessed: 09 February 2012] Trejos, C. M. A. 2008) Using journals for learners’ reflection and self-assessment. The internet TESL journal. 14 (10). (Online) available at: http://iteslj. org/Techniques/Arciniegas-LearnersJournals. html. [Accessed last: 10 February 2012] Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, M. Zeidner (Eds. ), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA: AcademicPress. Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: an overview. Theory into practice, 41 (2), p. 64-70 How to cite Reflective Essay. My Strengths and Weaknesses as a Self-Regulated Learner, Essay examples

Marketing Plan for All4Skills

Executive Summary All4Skills is a tax-exempt and non-profit making organization that provides the local community with sporting and life skill programs for youths. All4Skills offers its services to participants ranging from kindergarten, middle primary, and high school. Services provided include positive learning, life skills, and awareness programs for educating the youth on drugs and HIV/AIDS.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan for All4Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an organization built on the fundamentals of growing an informed set of youth who will take the community to the next stage, we pride in unlocking the potentials of the young people. To carry out this task, All4Skills intends to place itself as a premier provider of affordable sports experiences and to make these experiences available for all youths. To meet its goals, All4Skills will design a series of strategic partner ships with both governmental and non-governmental organizations with similar aspirations. Fundraising activities are our core form of outsourcing funds to navigate through our set goals. To carry out this strategy, it shall set up a Fund Foundation (FF) and formidable fund management approaches. Since its start in 2008, All4Skills has made tremendous progress in many ways. Firstly, the number of participating youths rose by 75% from 2008 to realize 2000 actively involved youths. Secondly, school progress reports indicate that youths have improved their personality and behavior. The organization has put in place mechanisms to for quality and integrity of its programs. In evaluating the impact of the program, community surveys conducted show that school deviance in schools has much reduced. Additionally, literacy levels for both school going and non-schooled children have risen in the last two years of its service. Scholarship programs because of improved talent in sports, and general skills have been imperative steps in achieving progress. Currently, major challenges face All4Skills and future presents overwhelming tasks. These include the influence of alternative programs, lack of adequate volunteers, constrained educational and training resources, changes in property tax policies, and facility requirements. Although the challenges are inevitable, the management board, staff, and the volunteers continue to give quality experiences to the youth in an efficient way. Situation Analysis Youths need to get access to affordable programs that benefit them socially, mentally, and spiritually. In utilizing these services, youths can gain from attributes developed afterwards. Numerous studies reveal that youth involvement in active sports positively develops them physically and mentally. Engagement in active physical activities cushions a person against diseases such as obesity and hypertension.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many studies show a significant correlation between physical fitness and reduced juvenile crimes, drug use among other defiant behaviors. Research is abundant with evidence that investment in the lives of children in a constructive way reduces the social and law administration costs. This significant evidence continues to prove the importance our activities. Market Summary U4sillks offers relevant social and team experiences to community youths in private, public, and home-schools. The experiences provide quality recreation and improvement of sporting skills, health and fitness. Furthermore, we offer programs that develop teamwork, fair play, and leadership. One of the intangible benefits accessible to its participants is gaining self-confidence and esteem (Godwin, 1998). Marketing Strategy All4Skills focuses on three basic areas in achieving success with the available resources to our program. All4Skills provi des an equal opportunity for all youth to take part in the program. U4Skills provides a value-oriented and safe atmosphere in which the participating youths gain skills in sportsmanship, teamwork, and interactive life skills. A wide variety of sports experiences to develop personal confidence and self-esteem. Strategies employed to achieve our goals include program expansion through market penetration and diversification. Program expansion through market penetration The first tactic shall involve conducting aggressive school campaigns within the target area with an intention to increase the number of users benefiting from the program (Godwin, 1998). This strategy shall increase the cash reserves and assist to improve the quality. The second tactic will involve the following action plans: All4Skills shall conduct presentations in various schools to create awareness with an aim to mobilize their participation. Facilitating sports activities by awarding talented youths. Special nee ds partial sponsorship program with support from donor funds. Diversification Strategies involved will target both current and future programs to meet organizational goals. Additionally, new users shall enroll in the process to widen our target portfolio. Future programs actions adopted by All4Skills include the following:Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan for All4Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All4Skills shall change the existing programs to improve its quality provision to participants. All4Skills shall strategically design programs with an aim of expanding the target as well as program portfolio. increase the number of persons who benefit from the services. dropping programs that are non-beneficial Strategy planning Matrix The organization will use matrix below to formulate its strategies. Derivation of the programs depends on the target populations, risk level, and costs. Cu rrent /Existing program Future program Existing Users Expanding programs to the current or same users Providing better quality services interventions through program improvement. New Users Availing benefits to new users New forms of interventions to new users Some of the growth strategies that the organization intends to use shall include market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification (Kotler Andreasen, 2003). Partnership with other organizations is fundamental in achieving our strategic goals. Generation of strategies will follow immediately after the choice of decisions. Cost-Benefit Analysis It is a technique used to decide which alternatives are likely to yield the greatest returns on more funds investment. It is also known as cost effectiveness analysis to set up the investment activities or programs which when undertaken, would give the most service outcome (Kotler Andreasen, 2003). The program strategic growth shall expend its reserv es to give quality services and later yield more fees. The program prospects to cost the organization about $100,000 from its activities for the next one year. Cost elements relevant to this spending are from the strategic activities mentioned earlier. This process would in turn benefit our organization through extra fees to the tune of $65,000. We project that our partnerships and linkages with the external organizations and donor will generate about $105,000. The net expected benefits for the coming year are $70,000. However, the organization shall gain many non-quantifiable benefits, which include the following: increased satisfaction of its participants improved organizational or corporate reputation gained from its activities. increased participants’ self-worth and esteem Increased social competence and life skills Increased awareness of the community Increased service portfolio Forecasting for All4Skills It is a technique used for estimating future elements of a busin ess or operations. It is an important process since it gives a representative picture of how future operations of an organization to allow preliminary planning (Kotler Andreasen, 2003). All4Skills expect a hopeful future and it shall use forecasting techniques to gain insight of its future development. The success of any operation or organization depends on how efficient its management can forecast its future and design relevant strategies to discuss the likely future scenarios (McDonald Wilson, 2011).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this process, the organization shall make good use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to forecasting. Qualitative approaches are methods used by experts to generate forecasts especially where no historical data is present (Luther, 2011). Additionally, changes in conditions affecting business operations may give such historical data obsolete and irrelevant in making future forecasts. Under this group, All4Skills shall use the approach of scenario writing as a qualitative method. On the other hand, quantitative methods are useful in establishing future elements of a business based on analysis of historical data. Scenario Writing The forecaster begins from a set of assumptions to develop realistic situations in this method. The process will benefit from a derivation of organizational scenario based on a given set of conditions (McLeish, 2010). In this process, the forecaster shall encounter many scenarios from which decision makers will select the most likely that appli es to its operations. Time series using projection of trend The technique relies on the underlying long-term patterns of observations to arrive at future values. The growth in the number of participants is a critical element that measures the progress of All4Skills since its aim is to grow a large set of skilled youth within its area of operation. Historical data show the trend in growth over time. Based on this trend, the organization can figure with some degree of certainty how the picture would be in the future (Allison Kaye, 2005) and (McDonald Wilson, 2011). Conclusion All4Skills focuses on bettering the lives of youths through training in sportsmanship, life skills, leadership, and co-operation. The program has succeeded in many ways since 2008, and records show growth of 75% in membership. The organization attributes these successes to its strategic partnerships, highly skilled staff, government support, and community involvement. Development of youths through nurturing of talent remains the driving force of our organization. Community surveys have shown that the All4Skills has positively influenced the lives of many youths both directly and indirectly. Participating youths who have remained actively involved to the program have shown positive development in respect of self-confidence, esteem and talent growth. Behavior change among these youths is clear from progress reports maintained from foster schools attended by these youths. The organization anticipates delivering quality service for participants and diversification into many related programs, to help its target population wholesomely. Our target is to improve our service delivery and increase the number of participating youths for the next activity year. Additionally, we project to expand our service portfolio through extensive marketing with an aim of increasing fees. Our core emphasis is to differentiate our services from the rest of the market players and creating appropriate public relatio ns programs. The organization uses the cost benefit analysis to measure the real outcome against the expenses. The analysis evaluates both quantifiable and non-quantifiable benefits to both the organization and the youths. Therefore, application of quantitative and qualitative techniques assists in forecasting of the future progress. References Allison, M. J., Kaye, J. (2005). Strategic planning for nonprofit organizations: a practical guide and workbook. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Godwin, T. M. (1998). Peer Justice and Youth Empowerment: An Implementation Guide for Teen Court Programs. New York, NY: DIANE Publishing. Kotler, P., Andreasen, A. R. (2003). Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Luther, M. W. (2011). The Marketing Plan: How to Prepare and Implement It. New York, NY: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. McDonald, M., Wilson, H. (2011). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Mc Leish, B. J. (2010). Successful Marketing Strategies for Nonprofit Organizations: Winning in the Age of the Elusive Donor. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. This term paper on Marketing Plan for All4Skills was written and submitted by user Marshall Phelps to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Changes in Communication and Technology Affected the Role of the Modern Diplomat The WritePass Journal

How Changes in Communication and Technology Affected the Role of the Modern Diplomat Introduction How Changes in Communication and Technology Affected the Role of the Modern Diplomat ). Kopp and Gillespie (2011) gave a sardonic definition of a diplomat as â€Å"an honest man or woman who is sent to lie abroad to carry out certain tasks for the welfare of his/her country† (p. 3). This definition more or less shows the purpose of a diplomat’s work. Although written sardonically, the statement only conveys an atmosphere of suspicion that has always enveloped the diplomatic profession.   The diplomat represents the interests of his own nation, seeking information that can provide an advantage to his government whilst being protected by international codes and regulations (Barker, 2011). In order to clarify how communication and technological changes have affected the role of the modern diplomat, this brief will first discuss how the diplomat carried out his duties in the past, followed by how these duties and roles have changed now with the advent of such changes. Overview of the Diplomat’s Role A diplomat has certain roles to perform. He must serve as a trained theologian; he must be able to quickly solve the most complex problems in correct dialectical shape, and must be a specialist in civil and canon law, amongst other relevant fields. He has several functions, such as negotiating serious and/or secret agreements, and some of these negotiations aim to prevent the occurrence of wars, while some others provoke such occurrence (Shaw, 2006). The diplomat is sent on a mission where he must represent the sending state and protect its interests in the receiving government. He reports what occurs in the receiving state and fosters friendly relations. Part of his role is to generate diplomatic documents. These documents engender the greatest amount of information about international relations (Jonsson and Hall, 2002). There are also customary functions that he must carry out with the receiving state (Aust, 2005), such as trade promotion cooperation, matters relating to economic, defence, cultural, and scientific concerns, and those relating to terrorism, human trafficking, drug trafficking, and other related issues. Diplomacy is the sort of thing that a nation cannot manage to lose; to the point that even the poorest country would make an effort to afford a modest diplomatic corps (Singh, 2002). Accordingly, when a diplomat pursues a consular function, this task is in keeping with the Vienna Consular Convention and does not forego his diplomatic immunities and privileges. This point is important to stress here since there are some overlapping functions that may take place between consular and diplomatic works, specifically in protecting one’s nationals, given that the consul has limited immunities and privileges compared to the diplomat (Aust, 2005). Performing consular work is part of the role of the diplomat, which is necessary to mention when considering changes in communication and technology. This is because such changes have in one way or another eased up the overlapping functions due to the speedier processes entailed in carrying them out.    How changes in communication and technology affected the role of the modern diplomat The role of the modern diplomat has been greatly affected by changes in communication and technology. The rapid means of communication and transportation has diminished the importance of the modern diplomat. Prior to these developments, the diplomat was allowed considerable discretion in how he dealt with matters that arise on short notice. This is because of the lengthy time it took to communicate with his home government, given the limited available communication channels (Jonsson and Hall, 2002).   With the absence of a previous position of his government, it was the diplomat who shaped policy; he was given enough leeway even in the implementation of policies developed in his country.   In the past, the diplomat had the opportunity to avoid making decisions by doing nothing due to the slowness of events.   During World War II, state leaders did not bother the diplomat (i.e. ambassador) for important things. They could not also telephone or correspond directly to one another (Singh, 2002). The limitation posed by the then not-so-advanced technology has set this kind of environment. Today, the modern conditions characterised by speedy exchange of information paved the way for the disappearance of this opportunity (Batora, 2008). Through mobile devices, internet technology, and other similar devices, the modern diplomat can be instructed conveniently and rapidly on what position he is to take, what he is to say, etc. The advancement of technology has enabled the foreign office to direct and follow almost every detail of negotiations. In similar fashion, national leaders and foreign ministers have enabled themselves to communicate directly in as much as the diplomat is able to communicate to his home government as occasioned by advanced communication technologies. Early technological developments escorted the improvement in air travel, which affected the role of the diplomat. They would often see themselves shunted aside by the sorties that their bosses (presidents and prime ministers) performed in relation to improved air travel, where these chief executives coul d now afford to visit various foreign countries, including their diplomats’ own posts (Singh, 2002). If analysed carefully, one would surmise that the surge in communication and technology has in fact made the whole process of information sharing more rapid and convenient. This would affect the pace and speed in which the home country responds to certain information that reaches its hands. On a positive light, the diplomat is in fact aided by these information channels when relating new information to his government (Cornago, 2013). Members of the media, who in the past had difficulty accessing a foreign country due to limited air travel, have also in effect helped the diplomat in relating news stories that he may have set aside; thereby not putting all the burden of information dissemination on his shoulders. It is like providing the diplomat the opportunity to focus on more important details of his job, such as promoting friendly relations with other nations, performing negotiations, etc. Information dissemination would then become a limited area of his duties as the media enters into the scene in a very active fashion. In Gilboa’s (2000) article, changes in communication has affected the role of the diplomat in such a way   that the media is now playing an important role in contemporary diplomacy, a role that it did not use to play prior to these changes. Officials and journalists often utilise the media extensively to promote negotiations.   The media thus play an active part in contemporary diplomatic processes, which only the diplomat used to undertake prior to all those changes in communication and technology. As social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook continue to serve as a fresh source of information for political events, diplomats are being encouraged to use social media as a regular part of their jobs to participate directly in political discussions (Paris, 2013). If one wants the latest political news, he needs only to read blogs, follow Twitter, or watch YouTube (Cooper, et al., 2013). Gone are the days that a nation would wait for the diplomat to relate the official information about similar events. Hence, it may be inferred that the enhanced complexity of information flows in diplomatic processes, amongst others, has bridged geographic distances (Batora and Hocking, 2007). The effects of technology are greatly far-reaching so as to transform diplomacy, which is being reinvented gradually for the information age. Through available technology, diplomacy can enable   physical presence in a virtual fashion (Batora, 2008). The United States and the UK have already taken this big stride to digital diplomacy. Those lagging behind are seen to lose influence over time albeit their engagement in private diplomatic communication. Canada lags far behind US and UK although it has recently displayed little interest in utilising social media in its diplomatic functions (Paris, 2013). There are more positive effects of changes in communication and technology in the role of the diplomat. With the advent of globalisation comes the so-called   globalisation of international relations (Lawson, 2002), suggesting new important diplomatic functions due to an increasing awareness about the idea that global problems necessitate global solutions, thereby expanding the scope of the diplomat’s role from merely representing his country. It is worthy of note that globalisation will allow the diplomat to operate in the future at the bilateral and multilateral levels, and the advancing communications technology is seen to conveniently aid such operation by the diplomat (Copeland, 2009). With the aid of changes in communication technologies, diplomats have been transformed as ‘globalisation managers’ who are charged with managing the ‘global village’ (Lawson, 2002). The advancing communication technologies enable the diplomat to perform his dutie s speedily, which can likewise permit him to respond to various   issues right away, such as international terrorism, drug trafficking, and climate change, to name a few. The abounding information, which may be verifiable or not and can be readily accessed anytime and anywhere is marshaled by modern means of communication. The modern diplomat has now a genuine task of inspecting and analysing the content and credibility of all available data and opinions, putting these data in a broader and more profound political context. This can then provide a suitable guideline for decisions by the diplomat’s home country (Bolewski, 2007).   It therefore proves to show that despite the information age in which the modern diplomat functions and in the midst of the available information, the diplomat’s task is to screen this information in terms of truthfulness and credibility. He must not use such information right away in his diplomatic decisions but must scrutinise them instead. Not only do changes in communication and technology expedite the diplomatic process, but they also provide the necessary information to the diplomat as well. It is therefore apparent that structural changes have taken place in the diplomatic environment due to technology and modern means of communication. The acknowledgement of the value of the media to his tasks is considered one of the ways in which changes in communication and technology have affected the role of the modern diplomat. Cooper et al. (2013) even claimed that today’s emphasis in diplomatic work is much more on interaction with the media and language ability, putting a decline to the written skills of the diplomat. Cooper et al. do not however mean this literally, but what they are pointing out is that the media have played an important role in the diplomatic process, to the point that the diplomat must consider interaction with them part of his routine. It must be noted that negotiations and diplomatic missions are two main areas of diplomacy which have been considerably influenced by technology. Virtual negotiations now take place amongst diplomats, in which they reach certain commitments and agreements electronically, such as through voice conversation, video conferencing, and exchange of emails and faxes. Virtual diplomatic missions and virtual   Ministries of Foreign Affairs contribute to enhancing negotiators’ investigative power as they continuously search for information (Batora, 2008). This setting is helpful for diplomats who are engaged in other processes or events and can save themselves so much time and trouble travelling. It also allows poor countries to save much money in travelling since e-negotiations are cost effective. Thus, a diplomat can participate in multiple negotiations and other events that occur simultaneously in geographically dispersed locations (Grech, 2006). On a separate note, this can bring certain risks, such as lack of face-to-face interpersonal relations with fellow diplomats, increased participation expectancy by citizens, susceptibility to attacks, misreading of information, loss of credibility, lack of identity verification in online presence, and delicate maintenance (Grech, 2006). These threats are brought by the online nature of virtual diplomatic missions. The injection of communication technologies in diplomacy has corresponding negative repercussions such as those mentioned because virtual diplomatic missions cannot trade the culture delivered by a physical relationship in an embassy or consulate. Since human factor is of high value to diplomacy, changes in technology will not change the importance placed by the diplomat on personal contacts, feedback mechanisms, and human experience, which all characterise diplomatic procedures (Aneek, 2010). In a virtual diplomatic setting, the diplomat is in fact deprived of developing relationships with fellow diplomats and the citizens, and such deprivation could be unfavourable to certain diplomatic functions such as developing bilateral relations and negotiations. Since interpersonal relations are lacking in virtual diplomacy, it would be difficult to verify identity in this fashion and illegitimate users may exploit this service, leading to adverse results.   Increased vulnerability to attacks therefore puts the virtual diplomacy in a   detrimental situation. Added complexity is thus required since special care must be warranted to ensure clearness and ease of understanding of site navigation . On a similar note, delicate maintenance of mission websites is essential, which a subject specialist must ensure. This subject specialist must be a diplomat also since only a diplomat has the best understanding of the nature and context of information (Grech, 2006). There is also a threat to misinterpret information available in diplomatic mission websites because of the text-based nature of information, which can cause confusion than when such information is presented on a face-to-face basis where diplomats can have an open discussion and active deliberation (Grech, 2006). Conclusion This paper tackles the role of the modern diplomat alongside changes in communication and technology. The diplomat is sent by the home government to a receiving government for purposes of performing certain duties in behalf of the home country. Diplomacy is a process that every nation must carry out in its international relations activities. In the past, a diplomat was tasked to relate news and information in the country where he was posted, and such information can aid his own government in designing certain decisions. This has changed now however; first, due to availability of air travel, and second, because of the prevalence of communication technologies that can enable speedier transmission of information. The modern diplomat no longer holds the banner of bringing news stories and information to his own country since he is outdone by the media in this department. However, he is not involved in a rat race with the media; instead, his daily activities include interacting with the media who aid him in conveying necessary information to the home government and to the world. In the past, he did not incorporate the media to his daily activities. Globalisation, a phenomenon aided by advances in communication technologies, affects the way the modern diplomat performs his role. Alongside ease in communication and information, his role is now seen to expand bilaterally and multilaterally as he faces global issues in his task to manage the global village. The threats posed by changes in communication and technology in the role of the modern diplomat and his adoption of virtual diplomacy are increased participation expectancy by citizens, susceptibility to attacks, misreading of information, loss of credibility, lack of identity verification in online presence, and delicate maintenance. References Aneek, C. (2010). International Relations Today: Concepts and Applications. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. Aust, SA. (2005). Handbook of International Law. UK: Cambridge University Press. Barker, J. C. (2011). The Protection of Diplomatic Personnel. England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Batora, J. (2008). Foreign Ministries and the Information Revolution: Going Virtual? Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Batora, J. and Hocking, B. (2007). Bilateral Diplomacy in the European Union: Towards ‘Post-Modern’ Patterns? ECPR/SGIR 6th Pan-European Conference: Turin 12-15 September. Bolewski, W. (2007). Diplomacy and International Law in Globalized Relations. New York: Springer. Carta, C. (2012). The European Union Diplomatic Service: Ideas, Preferences and Identities. Oxon: Routledge. Cooper, A. F., Heine, J., and Thakur, R. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Copeland, D. (2009). Guerilla Diplomacy: Rethinking International Relations. US: Lynne Rienner Publishing. Cornago, N. (2013). Plural Diplomacies: Normative Predicaments and Functional Imperatives. The Netherlands: Koniklije Brill NV, Leiden. Gilboa, E. (2000). Mass Communication and Diplomacy: A Theoretical Framework. Communication Theory, 10 (3), 275-309. Grech, O. M. (2006). Virtual Diplomacy: Diplomacy of the Digital Age [Published Dissertation]. Malta: Faculty of Arts, University of Malta. Jonsson, C. and Hall, M. (2002) .Communication: An Essential Aspect of Diplomacy. 43rd Annual ISA Convention, New Orleans, LA, March 23-27. Kopp, H. W. and Gillespie, C. A. (2011). Career Diplomacy: Life and Work in the US Foreign Service. US: Georgetown University Press. Lawson, S. (2002). The New Agenda for International Relations. Cambridge, UK: The Polity Press. Paris, R. (2013). The Digital Diplomacy Revolution: Why Canada is Lagging Behind? Retrieved on March 19, 2014 from http://opencanada.org/features/the-think-tank/essays/the-digital-diplomacy-revolution/ Shaw, J. (2006). The Ambassador: Inside the Life of a Working Diplomat. Virginia: Capital Books, Inc. Singh, N. N. (2002). Diplomacy for the 21st Century. New Delhi: Naurang Rai for Mittal Publications.

Life of Squanto, Native American Who Guided the Pilgrims

Life of Squanto, Native American Who Guided the Pilgrims Tisquantum, better known by his nickname Squanto, was a member of the Patuxet band of the Wampanoag tribe. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but historians estimate that he was born around 1580. Squanto is best known for his work as a guide and interpreter for early settlers in Southern New England. His advice and assistance were integral to the survival of early Pilgrims, including the Mayflower Pilgrims. Fast Facts: Squanto Full Name: TisquantumNickname: Squanto  Known For: Serving as a liaison between Native American populations and Mayflower PilgrimsBorn: Circa 1580 in southern New England (now Massachusetts, United States)Died: 1622 in Mamamoycke (now Chatham, Massachusetts, United States)Key Accomplishments:  Helped early Pilgrims survive harsh, unfamiliar conditions. Early Years Very little is known about Squantos early years. Historians dont know exactly when or where he was born. They don’t know who his parents were or whether or not he had any siblings. However, they do know that he was a member of the Wampanoag tribe, and specifically the Patuxet band. The Patuxet lived primarily on coastal land in the area that is present day Plymouth, Massachusetts. They spoke an Algonquian dialect. It is believed that the band Squanto was born into contained more than 2,000 people at one point. However, written records of Patuxet are non-existent, since potential firsthand observers from England arrived after the members of the Patuxet were killed out by a plague. Years in Bondage A few historians have suggested that Squanto may have been kidnapped in 1605 by George Weymouth and taken to England before returning to North America in 1614, but modern historians do not believe there is evidence to support that theory. However, Squanto and several other members of the Patuxet were kidnapped in 1614 by Thomas Hunt, an English explorer and human trafficker. Hunt took Squanto and the others to Malaga, Spain and sold them into slavery. With the help of Spanish friars, Squanto escaped and traveled to England. He took a job with John Slaney, who sent him to Newfoundland in 1617. Squanto met explorer Thomas Dermer and eventually traveled with him back to North America. When Squanto returned to his homeland in 1619, he found his village empty. In 1617, a great plague had wiped out the Patuxet and other Native American tribes in the Massachusetts Bay region. He set out in search of survivors, but didn’t find any. He eventually returned to work with Dermer, who was engaging in skirmishes with native populations. Squantos Work With Settlers Squantos time in England equipped him with a unique set of skills. Unlike most other Native Americans, he was able to speak English, which allowed him to act as a liaison between the settlers and Native American tribes. He interpreted conversations and served as a guide for the settlers. Squanto is credited with teaching the Pilgrims how to grow plants and use natural resources. His guidance helped them survive their first year. Squanto was also instrumental when it came to skirmishes with some of the other Native Americans in the area. Some tribes did not appreciate the fact that he was helping the strange people from England. This caused problems for Squanto, who was once captured by a neighboring tribe. He was able to gain freedom from bondage once again and worked with the Pilgrims until his death. Death Squanto died in November of 1622. At the time, he was serving as a guide for William Bradford, the governor of the Plymouth settlement. Bradford wrote that Squanto grew sick with fever and died several days later. Some historians, including writer Nathaniel Philbrick, have suggested that Squanto may have been poisoned by Massasoit, but this is just speculation, as there is no proof that a murder was committed. It is believed that Squanto was buried in the village of Chatham Port, but this detail, like many of the details of Squantos life, may or may not be true. Legacy Squanto played an integral role in the survival of early settlers, but one could argue that he isnt always given the credit he deserves. Although there are many statues and memorials dedicated to the Pilgrims in Massachusetts, Squanto has not been memorialized in the same way: there  are no major statues or memorials to Squanto in the area. Despite the lack of memorials, Squantos name remains relatively well-known. This can, in part, be attributed to his representation in films and animated programs. Squanto was the focus of the Disney animated film â€Å"Squanto: A Warriors Tale,† released in 1994. The film was very loosely based on Squantos life, but did not provide a very accurate portrayal of historical events. Squanto also appeared in an episode of the animated series â€Å"This Is America, Charlie Brown,† which aired on television in 1988. The cartoon depicted the journey of the Pilgrims and detailed how Native Americans, like Squanto, helped the Pilgrims survive the hardships of the New World. Like the Disney film, the Charlie Brown cartoon was created for children and glossed over the darker details of English settlement. The most accurate historical portrayal of Squanto in popular culture is in the National Geographics â€Å"Saints Strangers.† This two-part mini-series appeared on television during 2015 and depicted the Mayflower journey and the Pilgrims first year in North America. It should also be noted that Squantos legacy includes appearances in history textbooks. Unfortunately, most of the depictions of Squantos life are derived from the historical writings of English Separatists, which incorrectly portray Squanto as  a noble savage. History is now beginning to correct the record of Squantos legacy. Sources Baumann, Nick. â€Å"Heres The Crazy Story About Thanksgiving Youve Never Heard.†Ã‚  The Huffington Post, 25 Nov. 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/thanksgiving-squanto-tisquantum-true-history_us_565471e1e4b0d4093a5917bb.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Squanto.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 29 Oct. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Squanto.â€Å"Squanto.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 22 Nov. 2017, www.biography.com/people/squanto-9491327.â€Å"Squanto.†Ã‚  Gale Library of Daily Life: Slavery in America, Encyclopedia.com, 2018, www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/north-american-indigenous-peoples-biographies/squanto.

Ethylene Oxide is a Carcinogen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ethylene Oxide is a Carcinogen - Essay Example 4.2 Technical Adequacy Analysis 15-16 4.3 Data Collection Process 16 4.4 Research Design 16-17 5. Conclusion 17 7. References 18-20 Introduction: Ethylene oxide is a sterilant gas, an important industrial chemical.(14) It is used as an intermediate in the production of ethylene oxide and is toxic, when inhaled. There are reports of large health implications including respiratory disorders, dizziness, headache, and increase in exposure may also lead to convulsions, seizure and coma. It is rapidly taken up via lungs and can also be absorbed through the skin from the gas phase or from the aqueous solutions and is uniformly distributed in to the body as it is soluble in blood. Based on studies in occupationally exposed populations, ethylene oxide is a carcinogenic via inhalation route of exposure. Ethylene oxide causes leukemia, lymphoma, brain, hematopoietic and breast cancer. It is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.(14) Extensive research have been done to determine the toxicity of ethylene oxide through epidemiological studies, by exposing a cohort group of animals to ethylene oxide or on group of workers who have been...Ethylene oxide causes leukemia, lymphoma, brain, hematopoietic and breast cancer. It is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.(14) Extensive research have been done to determine the toxicity of ethylene oxide through epidemiological studies, by exposing a cohort group of animals to ethylene oxide or on group of workers who have been working in environment containing ethylene oxide.(REF) This gas releases in to the atmosphere while handing, storage and transportation. The present contribution discusses the health hazards of EtO in humans and environment. The physical and the chemical properties are also discussed. The potential exposures of this toxic gas in the environment (air, earth and water) and the occupational exposure and the routes of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye exposure and ingestion) are also discussed. The research methodologies pertaining to the occurrence of EtO is also described. Ethylene Oxide (C2H4O, EtO) is used as a sterilant in the pharmaceuticals and food industry(4). It is used as a sterilant since its biocidal, both bactericidal and fungicidal.

Answer the three questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the three questions - Essay Example The new EPA rules, like the Clean Air Act, will enforce regulations of gas emissions for businesses like plant, refineries and factories (Milbourn 2010). Its new policies will focus on requiring them to increase their efficiency regarding cleaning fuels, controlling emissions, and reducing GHG pollution (Walsh 2011). Businesses will also be required to include green house gases when trying to obtain permits for pollutants. The government has to take an active role in controlling green house gas emissions. It is responsible for the safety of its country and citizens for the years to come. Voluntary actions by individuals do help but no rules and regulations are enforced this way. The government should review its policies for GHG emissions and pollutants and introduce better regulations for their control (Milbourn 2010). These policies should be evaluated by leading experts before being implemented. Also, required safety permits, strict regulations and rules should be put into place fo r the leading industries causing emissions like power plants and automobile factories. Educational programs should also be developed in schools and for the public at large to create more awareness of this looming crisis. Works Cited Cathy, Millbourn. EPA Sets Thresholds for Greenhouse Gas Permitting Requirements/Small Businesses and Farms Will be Shielded.

The Legacy Of Ottoman Empire And Turkey Politics Essay

The Legacy Of Ottoman Empire And Turkey Politics Essay The study aims to summarize and analyze the recent developments in the Middle East particularly after the Arab spring process in terms of the Turkish foreign policy and its roots dated back to Ottoman Empire. Beginning the legacy of Ottoman Empire, the study also attempts to highlight main milestones for the current Turkish Foreign policy under the light of 20th century international system and its changing atmosphere such as cold war situations and later period in this region. Emphasizing the state formation period of Turkish Republic, it should be mentioned that secularist formation and westernization of new state created new mentality as a nation based and defensive and mostly introvert nation due to strengthen the structure of state and nation building target after the demolition of World War I. At the same period, The Middle East faced lots of transformation and rooted changes it has never seen before such as mandate system, independence of new states, oil based strategies of western states, establishment of Israel, World War II and redistribution of power among the global powers as well as regional ones. This study also prioritizes the main principles and characteristics of Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle Eastern States during the cold war and later on. In doing so, secularist structure, idealist and peaceful approaches, transformative and pragmatic aspects of Turkish foreign policy are examined in the light of main alliances and treaties in the Middle East. Particularly, relations with USA, European States, Israel and Iran were mentioned in order to demonstrate big picture including the reaction of Arab States to Turkey for long time. Iran revolution became a new checkpoint for durability and endurance of Turkish secular system with the regime exporting concern by Iran during the 1980 s and 1990s. During 1990s, focusing on terrorist attacks, Turkey established strong military connections with Israel which increased the concern of Arab States on Turkey and historical prejudices were revitalized in the Middle Eastern States. After the AKP came into power in Turkey, gradually relations with Iran and Arab States growth both economically and politically. Arab spring became a new turning point partially in terms of foreign policy of Turkey. While Turkey was exerting new initiatives in the Middle East, at the same some concerns on new interventionism and neo-Ottomanism were propagated among the Arab States. Concurrently, while recent developments give advantages to Turkey, some visible and long term invisible disadvantages also occurred. Among these disadvantages, increasing terrorist attacks, tension between Iran and Turkey on Syrian conflict, political intervention and new prejudices of Arab States on Turkeys foreign policy and also its proactive approach for Palestine. This study finally gives short suggestion as alternative Turkish foreign policy using soft power more than military and political pressure in the region which has more influential than others. THE LEGACY OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY By the end of the 18th century, great scientific and technological developments had been increased in western world. Ottoman Empire could no longer compete against the increasing European powers. As a military power, after Russian invasion to the Crimea which was the part of Ottoman Empire, Russia started to dominate the northern territories of the Ottomans, particularly black sea regions (Ucuzsatar, 2002). Additionally, Napoleans invasion of Egypt in 1798 and British invasion of Egypt in 1882, increasing of Russian influence in Balkans due to nationalist slavish movements at the beginning of the 18th century, Ottoman Empire lost great part of territories in mentioned parts irreversibly (Quataert, 2000). After the long imperial background based on pax-ottoman in most cases, with the eruption of World War I Ottoman territories became a playground of European Powers for regulating the international system and particularly the Middle East. However, for this region, treaties, double prom ises and strategies formulated by colonial powers could not bring temporary and stable system; moreover it created endless conflict potentials and seeds of enemy like a peace to end all peace (Fromkin, 1989). Although establishing a modern, western, secular and nation based state, new Turkish Republic, mostly Turkish citizens could not ignore the Ottoman reality and its long history. Understanding contemporary Turkish politics and foreign policy particularly toward the Middle East is one of the strong arguments for analyzing recent development in this region due to its historical background and legacy of Ottoman Empire. As an emerging regional power, that exemplifies a synthesis between a Muslim-majority population in the Middle East and a functioning democratic ally of the West, by the new millennia the proactive foreign policy of Turkey has been on the rise. Understanding the recent development, in many academic researches, the focus of attention typically shifts from the present to the past. As the heart of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey claims the mantle for the imperial rule inherited from the former Roman and Byzantine Empires that made the Ottomans the center of Eastern and Western wor ld interactions for over six hundred years (Walker, 2009). As a result, there is a growing interest in the Ottoman legacy for modern Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East as well as in Balkans and Caucasus. Addressing the empire history of great powers, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, China, Turkey, and Japan are all direct descendants and successor states of their former empires. In the same way that not all nations share the same power capabilities, ideology, or history, these post-imperial nations inherited a different type of legacy (Walker, 2009). The legacy that these former empires have bequeathed to their respective successor states vary on a number of important areas ranging from collective memories, institutions, ethnicities, boundaries, and historical disputes. Therefore, the way in which these states deal with and interpret their imperial legacies varies widely and is an important yet under theorized and understudied field in international relations. In order to solve puzzle properly, nations traditions, values, attitudes, patterns of behavior, habits, customs, achievement and particular ways of adapting to the environment and solving problems with respect to the threat or use of force should be underlined for evaluating the imperial legacy. Collective memory is also vital point in this regard. Having been the heart of the Ottoman Empire, the Turks look back on their history with a mixed sense of pride and ambivalence (Walker, 2009). Collective memory is central to the concept of imperial legacy. It is, after all, the intense memory of the transformative historical empire that informs national beliefs and ensures the continuation of the legacy. While Turks view Ottoman history versus what Arabs call the Ottoman yoke, the same facts may be interpreted by two parties in distinctly different manners. Collective memory is also naturally subjective and constructed during centuries. As a result, a legacy is drawn from the stock of stor ies that exist in socio-cultural context and its function is to provide a usable past (Walker, 2009). The imperial reputation of the Ottoman Empire and the historical memory of modern Turkey have been always considered and prioritized on the back of Turks mind. In order to comprehend the history of 20th century in the Middle East and recent developments, Ottoman rule based on millet system, foreign policy of Turkey as successor state, Turkeys desire toward Middle East as Ottoman legacy and unnaturally formulated borders based on western strategies rather than regional realities should be analyzed accurately. Foundation of Turkish Republic and Developments in the Middle East According to the most historians, the history of modern Turkey can be divided into two phases, which are independence period from 1918 to 1923 and the era of reformist and modernization of the Turkish Republic. During the first era, as a downfall of Ottoman Empire and escalation of European powers and Russian invasion of Anatolia, in the more than 10 fronts from Balkans to North Africa, from Iraq to Caucasus and Hedjaz, Ottoman armies were within the wars against Arabs, local tribes, British, French, Italian, Russian and moreover Australian and Indian troops. At the end of these wars, Ottoman frontlines withdrew to Anatolian border which is called later as misak-i milli describing mostly nation state borders which is almost similar with todays borders. In eastern part of Anatolia, Turco-Russian treaty named The treaty of Moscow and then Kars Treaty finalized eastern border problem with Russia in 1921. After the withdrawal of British and French forces from Istanbul in 1922 in the ligh t of related resolutions of Sevres Treaty, Greece forces occupied temporarily the western part of Anatolia (Ucuzsatar, 2002). This occupation triggered the independence struggle for war of Turks as a mass defense throughout the Anatolia. In 1921 Sakarya battle which was the great defeat of Greece initiated the talks with the other imperial European powers and it was ended with Ankara Treaty. During first period of foundation, with the painful background about lost territories in the Middle East, Balkans and Caucasus, Turks defended only Anatolian land by aiming at fully independence in their Turkish heartland instead of defending large Ottoman territories due to the weakened military capacity and concluded confrontations with Greece and European powers with the Lausanne Agreement in 1923 prior to declaration of the foundation of new Turkish Republic. In second part of foundation, briefly, Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk), founder of new secular, modern, western and nation state, launched several political, cultural, educational, social and economic revolutions internally while he was formulating a new foreign policy based on principle peace at home, peace in the world (Ucuzsatar, 2002). This national security policy was based on territorial integrity and full sovereignty and the modernization of Turkish society after Ottoman traditional and religious social structure. All these revolutionary efforts in a nation coming from Ottoman history were not easily adaptable at that time. Beyond the internal transformative effects, these changes created a new mentality and new foreign policy strategies which prioritize the western alliance and cultures. Among the revolutionary strategies of Ataturk, abolishing of Caliphate in 1934, changing education system, new Latin alphabet as parts of secular state and society were the giant diversificatio ns from Middle Eastern communities. In transforming of region, during the independence period of Turkey, several tremendous changes in the Middle East, never seen in history, occurred in terms of emerging new states, drawing unnatural borders, creating new conflicts among states, increasing the influence of oil based strategies and mandate system which dominated the first half of century in the region. With regard to the foreign policy of Turkey and its new allies at first decades of Republic, Turkish foreign policy between the two world wars was formulated by Ataturks vision and his personality. That is why most writers called this period The Turkey of Ataturk. (Gol, 1992) According to Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Turkeys foreign policy objectives were based on sovereign entity, and full benefits of peace which might be called non-irredentist approach with the exception of the Montreux Convention, Mosul province and the Hatay Issue. According to Turkey, Mosul was within the National Pact boundaries. On the other hand the Treaty of Lausanne left the undetermined frontier with Iraq to be settled directly with Britain as trustee for Iraq. Talks started in May 1924, but reached no definite conclusion. The Treaty of Lausanne envisaged that if the parties failed to find a solution within nine months, the issue would be referred to the League of Nations. By 6 August 1924 Britain had decided to make a unilateral application to the League of Nations and had the item Iraqi Frontier put on the agenda of the Council of the League. Finally, the Council decided that the Brussels Line become the permanent border, thereby awarding Mosul to Iraq in December 1925 (Gol, 1992). Despite the reactions in Turkey, the government decided to abide this decision. Beyond the bilateral relations and some agreements and diplomatic visits with neighboring countries, in 1937 Turkey participated to the Saadabad Pact with Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan. It was Turkeys attempt to be a bridge between Asia and Europe. Having witnessed that the abolishing of the caliphate and the secularization of the state caused bitterness in Arab countries, Ataturks westernization policies indirectly separated Arabs and Turks. The treaty of brotherhood between Turkey and Afghanistan was signed during the independence war of Turkey. Moreover, Turkey started to lead an Eastern Pact and signed two agreements with Iran and Iraq. In addition to the pact of friendship with Iran, the visit of Shah Pehlavi served to open a new era in Turca- Iranian relations. Turkey and Iraq solved the border problem with the Mosul Agreement. The Saadabad Pact was not a military alliance, but a pact of friendship and solidarity. The pact called for non-aggression, consultation among the signatory states in case of a threat (Gol, 1992). As a regional treaty, it was a seed of cooperative approach, but prior to the World War II, it could not be active and behind the expected level as a multinational organization. Although Ataturk transformed Turkey in the 1920s and 1930s from Ottoman Empire to secular republic led Turkey toward West culturally, economically and politically, its population never left its religious beliefs, traditional values and heritage. After the death of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1938, the Turks showed a marked determination to preserve their Islamic identity and develop good relations with neighboring Muslim nations. In reality, unfortunately the Arabs could not forget the harsh oppression of the nascent Arab national movements, and Turks did not readily forget how Arabs had betrayed them during World War I. Actually the relations between Arab Countries and Turkey did not become as expected level due to Turkish Foreign policy priorities and the independence period of Arab countries except Iraq during 1930s and 1940s. After WWII, no close relationship developed with Arab Countries for long time II due to Turkeys whole engagement with West such as Truman Doctrine with USA in 1947 and joining NATO. After the WW II, in most Arab Countries nationalist blocs were launched and led by Egypt and Syria which was based on supporting the Soviet position in the international arena and opposing Turkeys regional policies. Another important development was also Turkeys recognition to Israel which affected Arab countries foreign policies remarkably against Turkey. Even though not a common known, independence struggle of Algeria against France was also milestone that Turkey did not show willingness as expected level for recognizing the independence of Algeria and not directly supported this independency due to its western relations. Under the cold war situation and transformation of Arab countries, Turkish foreign policy was based on its interest with western allies during 1960s and 1970s. Even though some positive developments internally occurred in terms of religious rights and emotional contacts with Arab communities, several military coups prevented these kinds of growing relations with r egion. In 1980s, Turkeys relationship with the Muslim oil producing countries was a complete transformation in the balance of power that prevailed during the 1970s. Oil import strategies basically affected Turkeys relations with Iraq, Iran and Libya. Moreover, in Turkish public arena, Arab-Israel wars and Palestine drama, invasion of Afghanistan increased public sensibility as Muslim community. Turkey was also deeply affected by Iran revolution in terms of secular regime structure and western relations. Both developing relations with Israel and terrorist actions hosted by Iraq and Syria were dominant points on Turkeys foreign relations with Arab Countries while economic relations was going on certain level. Turkeys exertions on the membership for European Union also showed its willingness toward westernization and controlled and balanced relations with neighboring countries, particularly against Iran in internal politics. During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s cold war situations and internally several coups with the support of western countries in Turkey played key role on foreign policy formulation. Dilemma of Turkey : Turkish Secularism and its image in Arab States The Arabs were one of the important nations during the Ottoman Empire. Although there has been close cultural and religious common sense between Turks and Arabs, the conflicts during the last period of Ottoman Empire fed the distance between Turks and Arabs till 2000s. During the independence period of Arab Countries and cold war period, both Turkey and Arab States have not been in common strategic allies and close relations. Despite the reactions of Arab states, Turkey was one of the states which recognized Israel initially. During the cold war Turkey preferred to develop its relations with western countries dominantly, and Turkey could not strengthen its relation with Middle Eastern Countries particularly with Egypt and Syria. Ironically, when Turkey faced serious problems with Israel such as in 1956 and after 1967 and 1973 wars, its relations with Arab Countries increased remarkably. In this period Turkey several times associated with Arab States against Israel in UN resolutions a nd OIC appeals which included common reactions and some sanctions against Israel (Armaoglu, 1995). It should be also mentioned that water sharing problem between Syria, Turkey and Iraq triggered the problems which was based on sharing of Euphrates water. In this issue, Syria with the support of Arab League started to support and host terrorist groups within the Syria and Bekaa Valley in Lebanon which weakened the relations with Syria and Iraq. Beyond the political and economic setbacks among regional states, there are several effects and understandings which feed prejudice and blames reciprocally between Turkey and Arab States. First of all, even though during the Ottoman Empire there were no crucial problems, in declining period, perceptions among the Arab nations against Turkey have been changed by nationalist approaches, movements, policies of colonial western states, priorities and new foreign policy formulation of new Turkish Republic. Secondly, the structure of western style state, abolishing Caliphate and Arab alphabet and also secularist state formation in Turkey increased the confused feelings of Arab nations against Turkey. Thirdly, the assumption about Ottoman period as Ottoman yoke in Arab region which was imposed by western mandatory states is also influential dimension in relations between Turkey and Arab States during the 20th century (Gol, 1992). The negative attitude of Turkey sometimes during the independ ence period of Arab States fostered the feelings against Turkey. Last but not least, Turkeys close relation with Israel was one of the important arguments of Arab reaction towards Turkey. Additionally, Turkeys formally unwillingness on development of relations with Arab States also played partially role due to its regime protection reflex until 2000. Dramatically, this picture changed with the changing the generation structure and increasing the Islamic values in Turkey and also with transformation in Arab States recently. The improvement of the Turkish image in the Arab world over the past decade is due to a number of reasons. The rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2002 changed the anti-Islamic secularism gradually in terms of politically and socially. Importantly, zero-problems and win-win strategy in regional foreign policy opened up Turkey to the Arab and Muslim world. The democratic structure of Turkey and its growing economic model and export-led growth in a region dazzled the rentier economies based on one export good. Moreover, the success of the Turkish balance between religion, secularism and public freedoms in a region was attracted by regional states. Growing familiarity with Turkish culture and society through its popular television programs, documentaries, movies and TV series also played significant role on image transformation (TESEV, 2012). Politically, Turkeys strong stand against American use of its territory and bases in the 2003 for invasion of Iraq, Prime Minister Erdogans unexpected reactions to Israel during the Gaza war of December-January 2008-2009 and Turkeys stand against Israel after the Gaza Flotilla incident in May of 2010 increased positive feelings of Arab nations. Most recently, with the increasing its positive image among the Arab States, this picture not only offers Turkey great opportunity, but also calls tremendous challenges in this Pandora box for coming period. In this vein, as a direct effect on Turkish-Arab relations, Turkish-Israeli relations should be examined for proper consideration of regional development (Onis, 2012). Turkey- Israel Relations and the Reactions from Muslim States in the Middle East Having thought the historical background during Ottoman Empire, good relations between the Jews and the Turks have played a remarkable role in development of Turkey-Israel relations in 20th century. Israels location in the heart of a hostile Arab world triggered itself to create new allies to escape isolation by establishing relations with some states in the Middle East. Of all these countries, Turkey and Iran had more in common with Israel than others. As a historical dimension, Ottoman rulers and Turkeys attitude toward the Jews helped smooth the way to normal relations between the two countries. Turkey had been among the first states to recognize the establishment of Israel on May 14th 1948 (Abadi, 1995). However Arabs did not accept Turkish foreign policy and demonstrated their disappointment on this issue. In 1951, for example Turkey agreed with the West in protesting Egypts decision which inhibits Israeli ships passage through the Suez Canal. This caused a serious crisis in Tur key-Egypt relations. However, these developments have occurred several times because of Israels aggressive attitudes. Although Turkey developed its relations with Israel, it incorporated Iraq into the Baghdad Pact in terms of anti-Israeli resolutions and measures. Consequently, its policy toward Israel became more confused and it has been difficult to understand at first look. With regard to the Suez crisis, Israel, in collaboration with England and France, started to occupy the Sinai Peninsula. Upon this, based on the Baghdad Pact decisions, Turkey lowered its level of diplomatic representation. Similarly, Israeli declaring Jerusalem as the countrys eternal capital caused a new crisis for Turkey-Israel relations. On the other hand, during 1950s and 1960s, clearly Turkey-Israeli relations were determined more pragmatic approach rather by ideological. Having said Israels desire to escape isolation in the region, relations between Israel and Turkey expanded to include non-security matters and for example Turkey initiated to share agricultural expertise from Israel (Cetinsaya, 2005). In Turkey-Israel relations, 1967 War and the provocation on burning Al Aqsa Mosque in 1969, which is one of the most holy places of Islam, caused to establishment of Organization of Islamic Conference that have been milestone to withdraw diplomatic relations to the low level and serious condemnation towards Israel. In this period, there was a growing threat for Turkey which was the new regime in Syria and its foreign policy arguments against Turkey within the cold war situations. Therefore, Turkeys policy toward Israel was determined not only by fear of pan-Arabism and Nassers ambition, but also by Syrias aggressive behavior. During 1970s and 1980s Syria gave important facilities such as shelter and encouragement to terrorist groups of Kurds and to political movements, such as the Armenian Marxist terrorist organization ASALA. This Syrian policy identified the relations between two countries during last three decades. In the early 1990s the audience of the diplomatic arena changed an d Israel gained new dynamism in international relations. Asias most populated countries, such as India and China, established diplomatic relations with Israel, and others followed these actions. At last, in December 1991, the political climate seemed appropriate and the Turkish government decided to re-establish full diplomatic relations with Israel. 1990s was the honeymoon for Turkey-Israel relations that several important and close relations has been founded such as military defense agreement, transportation of the Manavgat Spring water to Israel, know-how sharing on military technologies, agricultural trade on different kinds of seeds. The more Syrian threats emerged towards Turkey, the stronger ties between Turkey and Israel was established. Thus, the amount of Israeli tourist rapidly increased in Turkey (Bengio, 2005). On the other hand, Turkeys economic needs dictated reliance on the Arab markets, especially for oil. In addition, Turkey needed more commercial relations with Arab states. In the political sphere Turkey sought to obtain Arab support during the Cyprus crisis. Increasing the relations with Israel, Turkey faced to loss of support from the numerous Muslim members in the UN. In the context of Arab public opinion on Turkey, feelings have been always fluctuated in accordance with political development, alliances, military agreements and Palestine issue. (Nachmani, 2005) Beyond the recent development at the end of 1990s, Turkey-Israel relations lost impetus in the 2000s as a consequence of the change of government  in Israel. With the Ariel Sharon administration coming to power, violence towards the Palestinian people increased. Following the Al-Aqsa intifada and Israels proliferating operations on the Palestinian occupied lands, in April 2002, widespread protests against Israel took place in many provinces throughout Turkey. Turkey accused Israel of carrying out genocide, thereby worsening bilateral relations. On the contrary to common knowledge, Turkey-Israel relations have not worsened till 2009 even though there were several important developments occurred in that period. More obviously, with the AKP (Justice and Development Party) administration coming to power in Turkey in November 2002, mutual economic and political relations have been maintained. After the Iraqi war, officially and non-officially, various news sources stated that there was Israeli presence in northern Iraq and the (Israeli secret service) Mossad agents were training Kurdish Peshmargas which meant the direct support the separation of Iraq and terrorist PKK groups. This has resulted in mistrust towards Israel  in  bilateral relations. At the same time, in addition to the development in relations with Arab States particularly with Syria after Hafez Al-Assad, Turkeys facilitative role in Turkey-Syria relations started to improve again as of March 2007. This time, Turkey led the Syria-Israel negotiations and the hopes of settling dispute between these countries have risen (TESEV, 2012). Last but not least, the breakpoint in Turkey-Israel relations has been erupted with namely Marmara flotilla issue that aimed to humanitarian assistance to the Gaza strip, unfortunately 9 Turks were killed by Israeli army. Although Turkey declared its conditions against this military intervention, the current Israeli government declined Turkeys demands which were suggested for the improvement of the bilateral relations. This rejection by Israel shows that the political relations between the two countries will continue at low-level. In recent period, mostly Turkey-Israel relations are going under the shadow of Palestinian conflict. Even though some politicians use this foreign policy leverage for increasing domestic credibility in Turkey, as long as Turkey continues to support Palestine and condemn Israel for its attacks, virtually credible image of Turkey may go on. Turkey- Iran Relations After Islamic  Revolution  in Iran Iran and Turkey are two regional powers and main regional actors which have played significant role during history and they founded two empires and civilizations. Foreign policies and strategies of these two states always designate the developments in the Middle East. Describing the recent and current situation in the Middle East, especially, after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Turkey and Iran relations gained importance in terms of their influences in the region. With the end of the Shahs regime, Irans foreign policy took a significant turn. This shift in Iran has redefined its relations with Turkey. In addition to the Sunni-Shia sectarian issue and historical contingences between Turkey and Iran which was deemed particularly, foreign-policy orientation of the two countries also diverged completely. While Iran has maintained contentious policies toward America and even Europe, Turkey continued to be part of the Western alliance, NATO and Europe. The revolution led America to redef ine its alliances in the region and maintain even closer relations with Turkey. During the Iran-Iraq War, as first decade of Turkish-Iranian relations after the revolution, Turkey and Iran have had willingness to cooperate in trade and economic relations. In this period, the volume of trade between the two countries exceeded $2 billion, consisting mainly of oil sales by Iran in return for Turkish goods and technical assistance.   During the Iran-Iraq War, Turkey tried to maintain neutrality and improved its economic relations with both neighbors, especially with Iran (Armaoglu, 1995). Generally, Turkeys neutrality was welcomed in both Iran and the Arab world. However, when Turkey attempted to mediate the conflict, it did not succeed. Despite developments in trade relations, problems arose between Ankara and Tehran in the mid-1980s over PKK terrorism in Turkey and Irans efforts to spread the Islamic Revolution in the region (Sander, 1990). After the first half of the 1980s, Turkish-Iranian relations mostly focused on problems related to ideological differences. Iran repeatedly protested the secularist policies in Turkey which was understood as an intervention and regime exportation to Turkey. The United States also reacted to the Islamic Revolution by improving its relations with Turkey. As Iranian-U.S. relations worsened, Turkey appeared to be the most important ally of NATO and the United States in the region.  Significant developments toward the end of the 1980s changed the regional dynamics as well as the course of Iran-Turkey relations. In 1988, after eight years of fighting, the Iraq-Iran War ended. Moreover, the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR were the most important systemic changes affecting Turkey-Iran relations (Armaoglu, 1995). In addition to the challenges caused by the Islamic Revolution, the constants of Turkey-Iran relations, in the form of cultural, political and ideological rivalrie s, rose to the surface. Turkey and Iran found themselves in competition for their influence over Central Asia and the South Caucasus. During the Azeri-Armenia war in Nagorno Karabag, Iran and Turkey positioned in different sides, while Iran was supporting Armenia, Turkey supported Azerbaijans claims. Additionally, Central Asian newly emerging States became playground and political challenge scene invisibly between Turkey and Iran as well as the Saudi Wahhabism and Western ideologies. The first Gulf War in 1990-91 also changed the dynamics in the region. Iran and Turkey approac